家具生產中直線內(nei)蒙古封邊機(ji)的工時測定與分析(xi) 

封邊(bian)(bian)是(shi)板式家(jia)具生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)必不可少的(de)一(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，它的(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)保護基材，防止水分進(jin)入、封閉有害氣體的(de)釋放(fang)以及(ji)增強產(chan)(chan)品的(de)穩定性等(deng)，同時(shi)還(huan)能(neng)增加家(jia)具的(de)審(shen)美價(jia)值，達(da)到美化(hua)的(de)效果。在(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)具生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)，封邊(bian)(bian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序是(shi)一(yi)道(dao)瓶頸工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，很容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)質量(liang)問題造成(cheng)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線不平(ping)衡。企業(ye)(ye)如果沒有系統(tong)準確(que)的(de)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)分析(xi)(xi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，在(zai)(zai)(zai)客(ke)戶要求的(de)交貨期內往往不能(neng)按時(shi)完(wan)成(cheng)任務，導(dao)致客(ke)戶投訴不斷。此外，隨著新(xin)勞(lao)動(dong)法(fa)的(de)逐步(bu)實(shi)施(shi)，家(jia)具制造業(ye)(ye)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)力成(cheng)本不斷上升，為了(le)減(jian)少生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)本，提(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率，家(jia)具企業(ye)(ye)制定計(ji)件工(gong)(gong)(gong)資或定額(e)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資成(cheng)了(le)大(da)勢(shi)所趨。因此，家(jia)具企業(ye)(ye)對封邊(bian)(bian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)測定迫在(zai)(zai)(zai)眉睫，建立工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)數據庫能(neng)為企業(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)計(ji)件工(gong)(gong)(gong)資制定、產(chan)(chan)能(neng)分析(xi)(xi)和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)排(pai)產(chan)(chan)等(deng)方(fang)面提(ti)供依(yi)據。

1 測定方法和工具

直線封(feng)邊(bian)機的基(ji)本作業(ye)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)包括上料(liao)、封(feng)邊(bian)和下(xia)料(liao)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian), 采用直接的秒(miao)表測時(shi)(shi)法，用秒(miao)表直接記錄封(feng)邊(bian)一定數量零件(jian)的時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，其他(ta)輔助時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、休息時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)等(deng)寬放時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)則通過工作抽樣的方法取(qu)得(de)。

測(ce)定工具有數字電子秒表、記錄板和卷尺。

2 設備(bei)相關(guan)說(shuo)明和作(zuo)業布置

1）設備相關說明。

直線封(feng)邊(bian)(bian)機型(xing)號為MFB-60C，工(gong)作臺總長4.5m，該內蒙(meng)古封(feng)邊(bian)(bian)機封(feng)邊(bian)(bian)質量(liang)穩定(ding)、效率高。它的主要(yao)部件包括兩(liang)個(ge)銑刀(dao)、大壓輪(lun)、兩(liang)個(ge)小壓輪(lun)、雙切刀(dao)、剪刀(dao)、兩(liang)個(ge)粗修刀(dao)、兩(liang)個(ge)精修刀(dao)、毛(mao)刷和急(ji)停裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等，在封(feng)邊(bian)(bian)過程中(zhong)能自動完成(cheng)涂膠、膠合、壓緊、橫截、倒棱和拋(pao)光等工(gong)序。

封邊(bian)使用(yong)的(de)(de)膠(jiao)黏(nian)劑(ji)為(wei)專用(yong)的(de)(de)聚氨酯熱熔性膠(jiao)，它是(shi)一種無溶劑(ji)的(de)(de)高固(gu)體(ti)膠(jiao)黏(nian)劑(ji)，無污染，固(gu)化快。熔膠(jiao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)設為(wei)170～200℃之間，膠(jiao)壓(ya)后(hou)在(zai)常溫(wen)中的(de)(de)固(gu)化時間只需(xu)3～5s。板材(cai)的(de)(de)進(jin)料速度(du)(du)根據工(gong)件的(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)調(diao)節刻(ke)度(du)(du)盤進(jin)行設定，厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)較小時，選(xuan)用(yong)高速檔(dang)，厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)較大時，則選(xuan)用(yong)慢速檔(dang)。

2）作業布置。

直(zhi)線封(feng)邊(bian)機(ji)封(feng)邊(bian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)由兩名操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)完成，主操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負責調機(ji)、安(an)裝封(feng)邊(bian)帶(dai)、加膠(jiao)(jiao)、上(shang)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)，輔操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負責搬運和下(xia)(xia)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。封(feng)邊(bian)用的(de)熱熔性膠(jiao)(jiao)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)機(ji)器后方(fang)(fang)膠(jiao)(jiao)槽附近處，待加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)板料(liao)(liao)存(cun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)區，離內蒙古封(feng)邊(bian)機(ji)的(de)距(ju)離大(da)約15m左右，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)好的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)拉(la)到(dao)機(ji)器后方(fang)(fang)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)暫存(cun)區存(cun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)。為了方(fang)(fang)便上(shang)下(xia)(xia)料(liao)(liao)，在(zai)設備前方(fang)(fang)和后方(fang)(fang)各(ge)擺(bai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)一個(ge)輔助(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺，當加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)較小時(shi)，可以同時(shi)拿取多(duo)個(ge)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)到(dao)輔助(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺上(shang)，減少上(shang)料(liao)(liao)的(de)時(shi)間。下(xia)(xia)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)，輔助(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)將加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)好的(de)板件(jian)(jian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)后方(fang)(fang)墊板上(shang)。

3 作業流程分析

上(shang)(shang)班開始后(hou)(hou)，主操作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)領取任務，根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)寬度調節(jie)平衡桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)，使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)處于平穩的(de)(de)(de)受力狀(zhuang)態(tai)，根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度調節(jie)壓(ya)軸(zhou)與履(lv)(lv)帶的(de)(de)(de)距離，保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)既能平穩運(yun)行，又(you)不會壓(ya)傷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)，然后(hou)(hou)根(gen)據圖紙的(de)(de)(de)要求確(que)認封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)帶的(de)(de)(de)規格與顏色，將(jiang)封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)帶安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)圓形裝(zhuang)盤(pan)上(shang)(shang)，調節(jie)按壓(ya)封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)條的(de)(de)(de)卡片，以(yi)使(shi)涂膠(jiao)更(geng)充分和均勻。同時輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)將(jiang)待(dai)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)搬(ban)運(yun)至上(shang)(shang)料(liao)旁邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)無動力滾(gun)臺旁邊(bian)，并(bing)將(jiang)膠(jiao)黏劑放(fang)入膠(jiao)槽(cao)中(zhong)，待(dai)設備溫度上(shang)(shang)升至180℃左右(you)時，開始進行封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)作(zuo)業(ye)。主操作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)緊(jin)(jin)靠導軌擋(dang)板放(fang)入輸送履(lv)(lv)帶上(shang)(shang)，并(bing)均勻推動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)運(yun)動。在(zai)(zai)履(lv)(lv)帶的(de)(de)(de)帶動下(xia)，經(jing)涂膠(jiao)器將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)側邊(bian)涂上(shang)(shang)膠(jiao)；接著在(zai)(zai)壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)輥的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下(xia)，與封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)帶進行膠(jiao)合；再(zai)經(jing)截斷鋸機(ji)截斷封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)帶，經(jing)倒棱(leng)銑刀對封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)條兩(liang)側進行倒棱(leng)修整加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；緊(jin)(jin)接著由(you)砂光裝(zhuang)置(zhi)將(jiang)封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)帶表面(mian)砂磨光滑；最后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)從封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)機(ji)上(shang)(shang)卸下(xia)，擺放(fang)整齊。直線內蒙古(gu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)邊(bian)機(ji)作(zuo)業(ye)流程(cheng)圖，圖中(zhong)虛線部(bu)分指機(ji)械加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)業(ye)。